Art+History+Study+Guide

//Comprehensive Study Guide//

 * Lascaux (Cave Paintings)**


 * Where:** Lascaux, France
 * Time Period:** Disputed
 * Characteristics:**
 * Artists:**
 * Historical Events:**
 * Additional Info:**
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 * Sumerian**

**
 * Where:**
 * Time Period:**
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 * Additional Info:**
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 * Hittite**


 * Where:

Time Period:

Characteristics:**


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 * Additional Info:**

 
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 * Babylonian**


 * Where:**


 * Time Period:**


 * Characteristics**:


 * Artists:**


 * Historical Events**:


 * Additional Info:**

 Please resize images to approximately 100 px high
 * Images:**[[image:http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/NGSPOD/133392-FB%7EA-Relief-Sculpture-Depicting-Babylonian-King-Hammurabi-Standing-Before-the-Deity-Shamash-Posters.jpg width="254" height="336"]]


 * Assyrian**


 * Where:**


 * Time Period:**


 * Characteristics:**


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 * Additional Info:**

  Please resize images to approximately 100 px high
 * Images:**[[image:http://www.roie.org/images/bm018.jpg width="313" height="210"]]


 * Egyptian** 


 * Where:**


 * Time Period:** 2500-300 b.c.


 * Characteristics:** Stylized and stable


 * Artists:**


 * Historical Events:**


 * Additional Info:**


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]**Greek**


 * Where:**


 * Time Period:**


 * Characteristics:**


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 * Additional Info:**


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 **Roman**


 * Where:

Time Period:** 500 B.C.- a.d. 500


 * Characteristics:** Spherical Arches, stable, almost super human


 * Artists:**


 * Historical Events:**


 * Additional Info:**

 Please resize images to approximately 100 px high
 * Images:**[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Antinous_Mandragone_profil.jpg width="210" height="264"]][[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/AcueductoSegovia_edit1.jpg width="350" height="268"]][[image:http://www.okcmoa.com/romanartfromthelouvre/files/u1/8_Portrait_of_Augustus_Wearing_a_Toga.jpg width="186" height="341"]][[image:http://www.abcroma.com/Colosseo3.jpg]][[image:http://touritaly.org/tours/capua/Museum05.jpg]]

=**Middle Ages** : **Not Tested **=


 * Where:

Time Period:**


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**Gothic**

Italy
 * Where:**


 * Time Period:** ** (1100-1300)  **

The figures in paintings are generalized Little understanding of technical perspective Pieces and religious paintings that were rather flat in appearance. stained glass windows, gold inlay, gargoyle sculptures, bronze doors, flying buttress Pointed arches Giotto
 * Characteristics:**
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 * Historical Events:**


 * Additional Info:**


 * Images:** [[image:images2.jpg width="260" height="236"]][[image:http://staff.fcps.net/aaford/art/images/giotto/giotto-lamentation.jpg width="243" height="230"]][[image:http://www.gargoylegothica.com/images/gothiccathedrals.jpg width="182" height="234"]][[image:http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=82649&rendTypeId=4 width="242" height="298"]][[image:http://www.renwy.com/ntp/imgdata/kost.gif width="388" height="295"]]


 * Renaissance:**


 * Where:** Italy and Northern Europe

Realistic Detail oriented Greek Mythology Religious Subjects Pictures of the rich Highly Realistic - There is almost no abstraction or distortion of either human forms or objects in Northern Renaissance art.
 * Time Period:** 1300-1600
 * Characteristics:**

Extremely Detailed - Every detail, no matter how small, is painstakingly painted.

Symbolism - Objects are often used as symbols that carry hidden meanings.

Printmaking - The use of woodcut becomes a common way to produce images. Renewed interest in the arts and in the classical past

The creation of the public debt helped finance artwork Humanist: dignity and worth of the individual, studied classical works of the Greeks and Romans Mathematical/Linear Perspective Developing Atmospheric Perspective, - distant detail is lessened as distance is increased, color range becomes more blue. Harmony and proportion, stable compositions A time in which long-standing beliefs were tested Botanically correct landscapes Oil paint introduced A form of art derived from the study of Greek and Roman styles characterized by harmony, balance, and serenity.

Filippo Brunelleschi Michealangelo Donatello Raphael Leonardo da Vinci
 * Artists:**

Reformation
 * Historical Events:**


 * Additional Info:**


 * Images:**[[image:images3.jpg width="246" height="257"]][[image:images4.jpg width="216" height="255"]][[image:images6.jpg width="242" height="256"]][[image:http://www.mcs.csuhayward.edu/%7Emalek/raphael1.jpg width="205" height="273"]][[image:http://z.about.com/d/arthistory/1/0/h/O/raphael_colonnaex_05.jpg width="274" height="274"]]


 * Baroque:**

Italy, Holland (Netherlands), Flanders (Belgium)
 * Where:**

1600-1750
 * Time Period:**

Movement, energy, and tension Strong contrasts of light and shadow Intense spirituality, particularly in scenes of ecstasies, martyrdoms, or miraculous apparitions The figures in paintings are not generalized types but individuals with their own personalities Believed in the union of the arts of architecture, painting, and sculpture to overwhelm the spectator with ornate and highly dramatized themes. flamboyant, Caravaggio, Italian Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish (Flanders) El Greco, Velazquez, (Spanish) Frans Hals, Dutch (Netherlands) Vermeer, Dutch (Netherlands Poussin. French Bernini , Italian [|Académie is founded in Rome]
 * Characteristics:**
 * **Baroque Characteristics shared by both the Catholic and Protestant areas:** ||
 * **1- A strong theatrical/dramatic quality.** ||
 * **2- Rejection of Renaissance idealism in favor of a more naturalistic approach.** ||
 * **3- Use of a more dynamic composition favoring a strong diagonal movement as opposed to the more stable triangular composition of the Renaissance.** ||
 * Artists:**
 * Rembrandt**, Dutch (Netherlands)
 * Historical Events:**

The beginnings of art to serve to nobility are here, but Baroque Art also embodied the genre art of the common man. Critics: grotesque, bizarre …the decadent end of the Renaissance. Catholic/ Flemish Baroque overly theatrical, almost bordering on being "hammy," but, like opera, you can sing/paint things that might otherwise be difficult to communicate. Protestant/Dutch Baroque: Opposed imagery in church. "snap shot" quality to them, as though you have just entered the room with your camera and your "subject" just looks up to say hi. Flanders was predominately Catholic during the 17th Century. The Catholic church, Flemish nobility, and wealthy patrons elsewhere in Europe supported a flourishing art market. Peter Paul Rubens, was a popular, highly eclectic artist who learned and borrowed from artwork viewed on his many diplomatic missions. He interpreted what he saw according to his own ideas and his patrons wishes. His large and influential workshop employed many specialized assistants who helped complete the large body of work attributed to Rubens.
 * Additional Info:**
 * Fast Facts**


 * Images:**[[image:rubens063.jpg width="318" height="252"]][[image:cat_caravaggio_01.jpg width="296" height="249"]][[image:images10.jpg width="209" height="246"]]


 * Rococo:**


 * Where:** France primarily, also in England


 * Time Period:** 1700-to French Revolution 1789

French Aristocracy Extravagance Morally corrupt scenes Soft treatment of figures Complex compositions Sometimes strong lighting, sometimes not Scenes of Rich, Mythology [|golden age of French furniture]
 * Characteristics:**

[|Jean Antoine Watteau] (1684–1721) [|Jean-Honoré Fragonard] (1732–1806) Gainsborough Reynolds [|François Boucher] (1703–1770) Van Dyck, (Dutch), Holbein (German),
 * Artists:**

French Revolution
 * Historical Events:**

Maximilien Robespierre Napoleon The Bourbons Louis XIV Louis XV Louis XVI Queen Marie Antoinette Of France
 * Important People:**

Guilding Versailles The Rococo was inspired by the French nobility after the death of Louis XIV. The subject matter was light, frequently depicting opulence, romantic themes, idyllic settings/ activities, frivolity. The palette was usu. pastel in color.
 * Additional Info:**

Please resize images to approximately 100 px high
 * Images:**[[image:http://faculty.evansville.edu/rl29/art105/img/fragonard_swing.jpg width="238" height="271"]][[image:http://records.viu.ca/%7Emcneil/jpg/watteau.jpg width="289" height="199"]][[image:http://www.efi-costarica.com/image-files/louis-xiv-furniture.jpg width="308" height="207"]]

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">**NeoClassical**


 * Where:

Time Period:**1770-


 * Characteristics:**Reverted back to stable compositions like the Renaissance and Greeks and Romans before. Noble message- honor, justice, patriotism, etc.
 * Artists:** David


 * Historical Events:** French Revolution


 * Additional Info:**


 * Images:**[[image:http://www.canvasreplicas.com/images/Oath%20of%20Horati%20Jacques%20Louis%20David.jpg width="282" height="220"]][[image:http://www.malaspina.org/gif/socrates2.jpg width="324" height="224"]]

<span style="color: rgb(0, 11, 219);">**Romanticism**


 * Where:

Time Period:**

Characterized by an interest in the sublime, which contain elements of pain, terror, majesty, and above all, awe of the unknown and unknowable. Romanticism elevated emotion above intellect, color above line, and intuition and passion above judgment and portrayed sensational or melodramatic subject matter in a heroic manner (including current events).
 * Characteristics:**

The Hudson River School was also considered Romantic. It showed wide open landscapes showing the beauty of the American westerly expansion.


 * Artists:** Goya, Thomas Cole


 * Historical Events:**


 * Additional Info:**


 * Images:**[[image:http://www.franciscodegoya.net/The-Colossus.jpg width="233" height="271"]][[image:http://www.teachforpeace.org/PEACETEACHWEB/WarPeacePoetry/aGoya-3rdMay250.jpg]][[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/59/ThomasCole-TheOxbow.jpg width="293" height="205"]]

<span style="color: rgb(0, 11, 219);">**Impressionism**


 * Where:**Europe and America


 * Time Period:** 1870's-


 * Characteristics:**Transient color, scenes. Optical mixing of color. Brush strokes are visible "Painterly".


 * Artists:** Monet, Degas, Seurat, Sometimes VanGogh


 * Historical Events:**Darwin "Origin of Species"


 * Additional Info:**


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<span style="color: rgb(0, 11, 219);">**Fauvism**


 * Where:

Time Period:**1900-1910

Wild beast. Bright colors not representing the natural scene and also not representing emotion.
 * Characteristics:**
 * Artists:** Henri Matisse, André Derain


 * Historical Events:**


 * Additional Info:**

**
 * Images:

<span style="color: rgb(0, 11, 219);">**Expressionism**


 * Where:

Time Period:**

Brush strokes visible. Colors and subjects represent individual emotion and do not represent natural colors or detailed realistic scenes.
 * Characteristics:**
 * Artists:** VanGogh, Edvaurd Munch


 * Historical Events:**


 * Additional Info:**

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 * Images:**

<span style="color: rgb(0, 11, 219);">**Dada**

[|started in Zürich], Switzerland 1916-1922 Dada activities included public gatherings, demonstrations, and publication of art/literary journals; passionate coverage of art, politics, and culture were topics often discussed in a variety of media. Rejection of the prevailing standards in [|art] through [|anti-art] cultural works
 * Where:**
 * Time Period:**
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 * Additional Info:**


 * Images:**[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Duchamp_Fountaine.jpg width="196" height="267"]][[image:http://static.guim.co.uk/Guardian/arts/gallery/2008/feb/20/visualarts.exhibition/GD6299616@Man-RayCadeau1921Tate-7463.jpg width="191" height="257"]]

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<span style="color: rgb(0, 11, 219);">**Surrealism**


 * Where:

Time Period:** 1920

Dreams as subject matter. Realistic rendering of subjects that can not happen in real life. Juxtaposes unrelated objects making them into a relationship.
 * Characteristics:**
 * Artists:** Salvador Dali, Miro, [|André Breton]


 * Historical Events:** Freud, analysis of dreams


 * Additional Info:**


 * Images:**[[image:http://mrciesluk.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/surrealism.jpg width="306" height="213"]][[image:http://keepmeawake.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/hoaxgroup_surrealism_escher.jpg width="258" height="217"]][[image:http://www.latifm.com/artists/image/magritte-rene-le-blanc-seing.jpg width="216" height="301"]][[image:http://www.artsz.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/rene-magritte-the-man-in-the-bowler-hat.jpg width="231" height="304"]]

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<span style="color: rgb(0, 11, 219);">**Cubism**


 * Where:

Time Period:** 1920-

Showing multiple views or moments at a single instance. Fractualized subjects
 * Characteristics:**
 * Artists:** Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque


 * Historical Events:**


 * Additional Info:**


 * Images:**[[image:http://www.artquotes.net/masters/picasso/picasso_selfport1907.jpg width="242" height="307"]][[image:http://www.msdlists.com/images/full%20size/Picasso%20Guernica.jpg width="323" height="193"]][[image:http://www.mraaron-gershfield.net/images/aaron-gershfield-georges-braque-the-violin-and-candlestick.jpg width="185" height="228"]]

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<span style="color: rgb(0, 11, 219);">**Bauhaus**


 * Where:Germany

Time Period:**1930's prior to Hitler coming to power.


 * Characteristics:** Form follows function.
 * Artists:** Walter Gropius


 * Historical Events:**


 * Additional Info:**

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 * Images:**

<span style="color: rgb(0, 11, 219);">**Art Nouveau**


 * Where:

Time Period:**


 * Characteristics:**
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 * Additional Info:**


 * Images:**[[image:http://www.wetcircuit.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/10/Serrurier-Bovy_1899.jpg width="180" height="261"]][[image:http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2005/06/11/books/wolk450.jpg width="232" height="265"]][[image:http://www.wetcircuit.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/01/Guimard-1.jpg width="273" height="173"]][[image:http://farm1.static.flickr.com/3/3429556_838069943b_o.jpg width="199" height="264"]][[image:http://www.tiffanylampsandmore.com/images/AntiqueTiffanyLamp1.jpg width="193" height="261"]][[image:http://www.illusionsgallery.com/Poetry-Mucha-L.jpg width="177" height="280"]]

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<span style="color: rgb(0, 11, 219);">**Art Deco**


 * Where:

Time Period:**1930's


 * Characteristics:** Refects industrial might- power. Clean lines. Stylized...but decorative. Rarely has a function other than decoration. Clean like Bauhaus but not functional.
 * Artists:**


 * Historical Events:**


 * Additional Info:**


 * Images:**[[image:http://thomonthenet.com/LasVegas2001/LasVegas024a.jpg width="185" height="275"]][[image:http://www.buylasvegastours.com/images/lv_pink_jeep/hoover_dam_art_deco.jpg]][[image:http://www.treadwaygallery.com/ONLINECATALOGS/DEC2004/acWEB/0437.jpg width="240" height="307"]][[image:http://www.classicdriver.de/upload/images/_de/1903/img04pop.jpg width="395" height="265"]][[image:http://www.classicdriver.de/upload/images/_de/1903/img01pop.jpg width="379" height="254"]][[image:http://antiquarianquist.com/images/sculpture/41S.jpg width="201" height="247"]][[image:http://www.netssa.com/deco/Havana_deco_painting.jpg width="236" height="278"]]

<span style="color: rgb(0, 11, 219);">

<span style="color: rgb(0, 11, 219);">**Abstract Expressionism**


 * Where:

Time Period:** 1940-1950

Total abstraction. Related to music
 * Characteristics:**
 * Artists:** Jackson Pollock, Fraz Kline, DeKooning


 * Historical Events:**


 * Additional Info:**


 * Images:**

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<span style="color: rgb(0, 11, 219);">**Pop**


 * Where: U.S. and Britian

Time Period:**1950-1960


 * Characteristics:**Repeated Images, Common objects shown in a different way (enlarged, singled out) celebrities
 * Artists:** Andy Warhol, Claes Oldenburg, Roy Lichenstein


 * Historical Events:** Beginning of Cold War, TV, Mass Production, Celebrities


 * Additional Info:**

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 * Images:**[[image:http://weblogs.clarin.com/itinerarte/archives/42.jpg width="179" height="153" align="left"]]

<span style="color: rgb(0, 11, 219);">**Op**


 * Where:

Time Period:**1960

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">geometric, abstract art that deals with optical illusion perspective illusion and chromatic (color) tension Bridget Riley, Victor Vasarely, Larry Poons Civil Rights, Vietnam War, Woodstock, Assassinations of J.F. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, Martin Luther King Jr., Malcom X, Deaths of celebrities, Jimi Hendricks, Janice Joplin, Maryln Monroe
 * Characteristics:**
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 * Historical Events:**
 * Additional Info:**

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 * Images:**

=<span style="color: rgb(0, 11, 219);">**Post Modernism** : **<span style="color: rgb(255, 9, 0);">Not Tested **=


 * Where:

Time Period:**


 * Characteristics:**
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 * Historical Events:**


 * Additional Info:**


 * Images:**[[image:http://chisnell.com/art/Op%20Pop%20%20Concept%20Art/christo_img_island.gif width="210" height="305"]][[image:http://www.seymour.k12.wi.us/rle/art/images/artists/Alexander%20Calder.jpg]]